Geotechnical Engineering — यह विषय किस बारे में है
हर building, सड़क और बाँध मिट्टी पर खड़ा होता है — और मिट्टी वह एक construction material है जिसे आप factory से order नहीं कर सकते। Geotechnical Engineering (पहले इसे Soil Mechanics कहा जाता था) वह विषय है जो आपको मिट्टी की जाँच करना, उसे classify करना और यह तय करना सिखाता है कि वह किसी structure का भार सुरक्षित रूप से उठा सकती है या नहीं। इसमें गलती हो जाए तो अच्छी तरह डिज़ाइन की गई building भी बैठ सकती है, उसमें दरार आ सकती है या वह गिर सकती है।
5th semester का paper एक theory paper (5.3) और एक lab (5.8) को जोड़ता है, दोनों मिलकर 200 अंकों के। Lab diploma की सबसे बड़ी labs में से एक है — 15 experiments, water content और Atterberg limits से लेकर permeability, shear strength, Proctor test और CBR तक। अगर आप foundations, सड़कों या site investigation में काम करना चाहते हैं, तो यह विषय आपकी नींव है।
विषय 5.3 (Theory) + 5.8 (Lab) • कुल 200 अंक • 4 क्रेडिटs • पाँचवाँ सेमेस्टर — Civil Engineering • सत्र 2026–27

आप क्या पढ़ेंगे
Unit 1 — Overview of Geology and Geotechnical Engineering (3 Periods, 10%)
Introduction of geology, branches of geology, importance of geology for civil engineering structure and composition of earth; definition of a rock: classification based on their genesis (mode of origin), formation; classification and engineering uses of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; importance of soil as construction material in civil engineering structures and as foundation bed for structures.
Geology पर एक नज़र — चट्टानें, उनके प्रकार और उपयोग — और मिट्टी सबसे महत्वपूर्ण construction material क्यों है।
Unit 2 — Physical and Index Properties of Soil (7 Periods, 25%)
Soil as a three-phase system, water content, determination of water content by oven drying method as per BIS code, void ratio, porosity and degree of saturation, density index; unit weight of soil mass — bulk unit weight, dry unit weight, unit weight of solids, saturated unit weight, submerged unit weight; determination of bulk unit weight and dry unit weight by core cutter and sand replacement method, determination of specific gravity by pycnometer; consistency of soil, Atterberg limits of consistency: liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit, plasticity index; particle size distribution test and plotting of curve, determination of effective diameter of soil, well graded and uniformly graded soils, BIS classification of soil; effective stress (concept only), stresses in subsoil, definition and meaning of total stress, effective stress and neutral stress, principle of effective stress, importance of effective stress in engineering problems.
मिट्टी का वर्णन और वर्गीकरण कैसे होता है — water content, void ratio, Atterberg limits, grain size और मिट्टी का BIS वर्गीकरण।
Unit 3 — Permeability and Shear Strength of Soil (7 Periods, 25%)
Definition of permeability, Darcy's law of permeability, coefficient of permeability, factors affecting permeability, determination of coefficient of permeability by constant head and falling head tests, simple problems to determine coefficient of permeability; seepage through earthen structures, seepage velocity, seepage pressure, phreatic line, flow lines, application of flow net (no numerical problems); shear failure of soil, concept of shear strength of soil; components of shearing resistance of soil — cohesion, internal friction; Mohr-Coulomb failure theory, strength envelope, strength equation for purely cohesive and cohesion less soils; direct shear and vane shear test — laboratory methods.
पानी मिट्टी से कैसे गुज़रता है और मिट्टी shear में कितनी मज़बूत है — permeability, Darcy's law, seepage, और shear failure का Mohr-Coulomb सिद्धांत।
Unit 4 — Compaction and Consolidation (5 Periods, 20%)
Concept of compaction and consolidation, standard and modified Proctor test as per IS code, plotting of compaction curve for determining: optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), zero air voids line; factors affecting compaction, field methods of compaction — rolling, ramming and vibration; suitability of various compaction equipments — smooth wheel roller, sheep foot roller, pneumatic tyred roller, rammer and vibrator; difference between compaction and consolidation; definition of earth pressure, active and passive earth pressure for no surcharge condition, coefficient of earth pressure, Rankine's theory and assumptions made for non-cohesive soils.
मिट्टी को compact कैसे किया जाता है और वह कैसे बैठती है — Proctor test, optimum moisture content, field compaction equipment, और earth pressure।
Unit 5 — Bearing Capacity of Soil and Stabilization of Soil (6 Periods, 20%)
Bearing capacity and theory of earth pressure; concept of bearing capacity, ultimate bearing capacity, safe bearing capacity and allowable bearing pressure; introduction to Terzaghi's analysis and assumptions, effect of water table on bearing capacity; field methods for determination of bearing capacity — plate load and standard penetration test; test procedures as per IS:1888 and IS:2131; concept of soil stabilisation, necessity of soil stabilisation, different methods of soil stabilisation; California bearing ratio (CBR) test — meaning and utilisation in pavement construction; necessity of site investigation and soil exploration: types of exploration, criteria for deciding the location and number of test pits and bores; field identification of soil — dry strength test, dilatancy test and toughness test.
मिट्टी सुरक्षित रूप से कितना भार उठा सकती है — bearing capacity, plate load और SPT tests — और कमज़ोर मिट्टी को कैसे stabilise किया जाता है।
प्रैक्टिकल कार्य
- Identification of rocks from the given specimen.
- Determine water content of given soil sample by oven drying method as per IS: 2720 (Part- II).
- Determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer method as per IS 2720 (Part- III).
- Determine dry unit weight of soil in field by core cutter method as per IS 2720 (Part- XXIX).
- Determine dry unit weight of soil in field by sand replacement method as per IS 2720 (Part- XXVIII).
- Determine plastic and liquid limit along with plasticity index of given soil sample as per IS 2720 (Part- V).
और भी बहुत कुछ — 15 practicals की पूरी सूची PDF के अंदर है।
पूरा सिलेबस
आधिकारिक सिलेबस से पूरी परीक्षा योजना, practicals की पूरी सूची और संदर्भ पुस्तकें। यूनिट के अनुसार topics ऊपर “आप क्या पढ़ेंगे” वाले हिस्से में दिए गए हैं।
परीक्षा योजना
| कोड | पेपर | प्रकार | L – P | क्रेडिट | आंतरिक | बाह्य | कुल |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.3 | Geotechnical Engineering | Theory | 2 – 0 | 2 | Theory 40 | Theory 60 (3 hrs) | 100 |
| 5.8 | Geotechnical Engineering Lab. | Practical | 0 – 4 | 2 | Practical 60 | Practical 40 (3 hrs) | 100 |
| Geotechnical Engineering Total | 4 | 100 | 100 | 200 | |||
एक नज़र में यूनिट्स
| यूनिट | विषय | पीरियड | अंकों का हिस्सा |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Overview of Geology and Geotechnical Engineering | 3 | 10% |
| 2 | Physical and Index Properties of Soil | 7 | 25% |
| 3 | Permeability and Shear Strength of Soil | 7 | 25% |
| 4 | Compaction and Consolidation | 5 | 20% |
| 5 | Bearing Capacity of Soil and Stabilization of Soil | 6 | 20% |
प्रैक्टिकल्स की पूरी सूची
यह आधिकारिक सिलेबस से practicals की पूरी सूची है।
- Identification of rocks from the given specimen.
- Determine water content of given soil sample by oven drying method as per IS: 2720 (Part- II).
- Determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer method as per IS 2720 (Part- III).
- Determine dry unit weight of soil in field by core cutter method as per IS 2720 (Part- XXIX).
- Determine dry unit weight of soil in field by sand replacement method as per IS 2720 (Part- XXVIII).
- Determine plastic and liquid limit along with plasticity index of given soil sample as per IS 2720 (Part- V).
- Determine shrinkage limit of given soil sample as per IS 2720 (Part- V).
- Determine grain size distribution of given soil sample by mechanical sieve analysis as per IS 2720 (Part- IV).
- Use different types of soil to identify and classify soil by conducting field tests — through visual inspection, dry strength test, dilatancy test and toughness test.
- Determine coefficient of permeability by constant head test as per IS 2720 (Part- XVII).
- Determine coefficient of permeability by falling head test as per IS 2720 (Part- XVII).
- Determine shear strength of soil by direct shear test as per IS 2720 (Part- XIII).
- Determine shear strength of soil by vane shear test as per IS 2720 (Part- XXX).
- Determine MDD and OMC by standard Proctor test of given soil sample as per IS 2720 (Part- VII).
- Determination of CBR value on the field as per IS 2720 (Part- XVI).
संदर्भ पुस्तकें
सिलेबस में दिए अनुसार:
- Punmia, B.C., Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Laxmi Publication, Delhi.
- Murthy, V.N.S., A text book of soil mechanics and foundation Engineering, CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
- Ramamurthy, T.N. & Sitharam, T.G., Geotechnical Engineering (Soil Mechanics), S Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
- Raj, P. Purushothama, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Pearson India, New Delhi.
- Kasamalkar, B. J., Geotechnical Engineering, Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune.
- Arora K R, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Standard Publisher.
- S.K.Sharma, Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, Asian Publishers, Muzaffarnagar, ISBN No. 978-93-91541-60-6.
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न
Geotechnical Engineering पाँचवाँ सेमेस्टर में कितने अंकों का है?
कुल 200 अंक और 4 क्रेडिट। Geotechnical Engineering: 100 अंक (आंतरिक Theory 40, बाह्य Theory 60 (3 hrs)); Geotechnical Engineering Lab.: 100 अंक (आंतरिक Practical 60, बाह्य Practical 40 (3 hrs))।
Geotechnical Engineering में किन यूनिट्स का weightage सबसे ज़्यादा है?
Physical and Index Properties of Soil (25%, 7 पीरियड); Permeability and Shear Strength of Soil (25%, 7 पीरियड) — इस विषय में सबसे ज़्यादा weightage। यूनिट के अनुसार weightage की पूरी table ऊपर “पूरा सिलेबस” वाले हिस्से में है।
Geotechnical Engineering में क्या प्रैक्टिकल कार्य है?
15 experiments, जिनमें Identification of rocks from the given specimen.; Determine water content of given soil sample by oven drying method as per IS: 2720 (Part- II).; Determine specific gravity of soil by pycnometer method as per IS 2720 (Part- III). शामिल हैं। पूरी सूची ऊपर “पूरा सिलेबस” वाले हिस्से में है।
Geotechnical Engineering के लिए किन किताबों को देखें?
सिलेबस में 7 किताबें दी गई हैं, जिनमें Punmia, B.C., Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Laxmi Publication, Delhi. और Murthy, V.N.S., A text book of soil mechanics and foundation Engineering, CBS Publisher… सहित अन्य किताबें शामिल हैं। पूरी सूची ऊपर “पूरा सिलेबस” वाले हिस्से में है।
क्या Geotechnical Engineering theory विषय है या practical विषय?
दोनों: Geotechnical Engineering theory है (L–P 2 – 0); Geotechnical Engineering Lab. practical है (L–P 0 – 4)।
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स्रोत: BTEUP तृतीय वर्ष पाठ्यक्रम (folder2627), C.D.C. की 16.07.2026 को हुई बैठक में स्वीकृत। Topic सूचियाँ आधिकारिक सिलेबस के अनुसार हैं; छोटे सारांश लेखक के अपने सरल शब्दों में लिखे गए हैं, सिलेबस का मूल पाठ नहीं हैं। कृपया अपने पॉलिटेक्निक से किसी भी स्थानीय बदलाव की पुष्टि कर लें।
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